[Note: This blog post is part of the Questions About Bible Translations Series.]
When we talk about Bible translations, one of the first questions people often ask is “Is this a literal translation?” But what does that actually mean?
A literal translation—also called a formal equivalence translation—aims to stay as close as possible to the wording and structure of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Rather than summarizing or simplifying the meaning, it seeks to preserve the actual words, grammar, and phrasing used in Scripture.
The goal is to reflect the original text faithfully and transparently, so that readers can be confident they’re seeing what God really said—not just someone’s interpretation of it.
An Example in Action
Let’s take a simple verse: Romans 6:23.
A literal translation (like the ESV or EHV) might say: “For the wages of sin is death, but the undeserved gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.”
A less literal translation might paraphrase: “Death is payment for sin. Eternal life is God’s gift given by Jesus.”
Notice how the literal version preserves the wording: “wages,” “undeserved gift,” “in Christ Jesus.” These carry theological weight. “Wages” suggests what is earned. “Undeserved gift” (or “grace”) emphasizes what is not. A more literal rendering helps keep these layers intact.
Strengths of a Literal Translation
- Faithfulness to the Text: Literal translations help readers get as close as possible to the original wording. That’s valuable for preaching, teaching, and deep study.
- Doctrinal Clarity: Because many theological truths are tied to precise wording, literal translations help preserve those truths. For example, words like justification, atonement, or righteousness are not usually simplified or replaced.
- Transparency: Literal translations often let you see when an expression is difficult or layered—offering footnotes or alternative renderings instead of smoothing them over.
Limitations to Keep in Mind
- Readability: A word-for-word translation can sometimes sound stiff, awkward, or confusing—especially when translating expressions or ancient cultural references. For example, a literal rendering of a Hebrew phrase might say “his nose burned,” which meant “he was angry.”
- Structure Differences: Hebrew and Greek often use sentence structures or rhythms that don’t translate smoothly into English. A literal rendering may preserve the form but require more effort to understand.
- Not Always Clear to New Readers: For someone unfamiliar with Scripture, a highly literal version might feel harder to grasp at first, especially in narrative or poetic sections.
So Should I Use a Literal Translation?
A literal translation is a valuable tool—especially for anyone seeking to study the Bible with care, dive into doctrinal truths, or learn more about the original text. But it isn’t the only faithful approach. In some settings, a more natural-sounding translation might help clarify meaning without compromising truth. The key is balance and using a translation that accurately shows your Savior Jesus and what he has done for you.
A Prayer
Lord, thank you for giving your Word. Whenever I read the Bible, help me always to see Jesus in its pages. Lead me to grow in faith, knowledge, and love for your truth. In his name. Amen.
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Scripture references come from the Holy Bible: Evangelical Heritage Version. Click here to learn more about this translation. Have questions about the Bible itself? Check out a helpful series here.
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