[Note: This blog post is part of the Questions About Bible Translations Series.]
In our last post, we looked at what it means for a Bible translation to be literal—word-for-word, with a strong emphasis on accuracy and form. Today, we’ll explore another common approach: dynamic equivalence.
So what is it?
Simply put, dynamic equivalence (also called functional equivalence) is a Bible translation philosophy that focuses more on translating the meaning of the original text rather than its exact wording. The goal is to produce a version that reads naturally and clearly for modern readers—especially those who may be unfamiliar with ancient languages, customs, or expressions.
Rather than asking, “What does this word literally say?” the dynamic approach asks, “What does this sentence mean, and how would we say that today?”
An Example in Practice
Let’s look at Luke 1:37, where the angel Gabriel is telling Mary about God’s amazing promises. In a more literal translation (like the EHV or ESV), we read: “For nothing will be impossible for God.”
A dynamic equivalent translation, like the New International Version (NIV), might say: “For no word from God will ever fail.”
Both are legitimate interpretations of the Greek. One emphasizes God’s omnipotence; the other highlights God’s trustworthy promises. A dynamic equivalent translator has made an interpretive choice—faithful, yes, but less direct.
This illustrates the core strength—and challenge—of dynamic equivalence: clarity through interpretation.
Strengths of Dynamic Equivalence
- Readability: Dynamic translations tend to be smoother and easier to understand, especially for newer Bible readers or those reading in a second language.
- Cultural Accessibility: Idioms and ancient expressions are often translated into modern, relatable terms. For example, instead of “gird up your loins,” a dynamic version might have “get ready for action.”
- Helpful for Outreach and Devotion: When introducing someone to the Bible for the first time, dynamic translations can communicate the gospel message clearly and immediately.
Cautions to Consider
- More Interpretation, Less Transparency: Because translators prioritize meaning over form, they must make more decisions about what they think the passage means. This can introduce subtle theological bias, even unintentionally.
- Loss of Specific Wording: In places where doctrinal clarity hinges on certain terms (like justification, atonement, or righteousness), dynamic translations may simplify or replace them with more general phrases.
- Harder to See the Original Structure: Readers who want to study the original flow of thought or grammar may find dynamic translations less suited for deep textual analysis.
So Is a Dynamic Equivalent Translation Faithful?
Yes—when done carefully and respectfully. Many dynamic translations reflect a sincere effort to bring God’s Word to life for modern readers. But it’s important to use them with discernment, especially when studying doctrine or teaching others. It can also be helpful to compare with a more literal version to see both the wording and the interpretation side by side.
Above all, our goal isn’t just to find a translation that sounds good but one that leads us to the truth of the gospel—to Jesus, who is the heart of all Scripture.
A Prayer
Lord, thank you for making your Word accessible to all people. When I read your Word, help me listen with a faithful heart. Let your Spirit guide me to your truth, and through your Word, strengthen my faith in Jesus. In his name. Amen.
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Scripture references come from the Holy Bible: Evangelical Heritage Version. Click here to learn more about this translation. Have questions about the Bible itself? Check out a helpful series here.
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